Religion has long been a source of comfort, guidance, and community for many people. However, for some individuals, religious beliefs and practices can also be a source of harm and trauma. Religious trauma is a term used to describe the emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical harm that can result from harmful beliefs, teachings, or practices. An example of a harmful belief might include thinking a child is possessed with an evil spirit instead of seeing the behavior through a childhood developmental lens. An example of a harmful teaching might be that only certain people have access to God or heaven, with either internalized or externalized discrimination being the result (i.e., LGBTQ+ community). Examples of harmful practices might include sexual abuse at the hands of an ecclesiastical leader or female genital mutilation.

Recognizing the Impact of Religious Trauma

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the impact that religious trauma can have on individuals’ mental health and well-being. The term was first coined by Dr. Marlene Winell in her book “Leaving the Fold: A Guide for Former Fundamentalists and Others Leaving their Religion,” and has since gained traction within the mental health community.

Manifestations of Religious Trauma

Religious trauma can manifest in various ways, including:

Guilt and Shame: Many religious teachings emphasize a relationship between sin and punishment that can lead to feelings of guilt and shame. Religions differ widely on what might be considered “sin.” This may include behaviors others would not consider sinful (e.g., drinking coffee, wearing a turban, eating pork, celebrating birthdays, paying tithes, masturbating). When people struggle to keep unrealistic standards taught by their religion, the resulting guilt and shame can deeply damage their self-esteem and sense of worth.

Fear and Anxiety: Religious beliefs that instill fear of divine punishment or eternal damnation can lead to heightened levels of anxiety and fear, making it difficult for individuals to feel safe and secure in the world.

Suppression of Emotions: Some religious teachings may discourage the expression of certain emotions, such as anger, doubt, or confusion. When individuals are expected to suppress their feelings and experiences in favor of the religious narrative, it can result in emotional distress, mood disorders, and disconnection from oneself.

Trauma Triggers: For individuals who have experienced abuse or trauma within a religious context, religious symbols, rituals, or teachings can invoke triggers. PTSD triggers can include painful memories and emotions, flashbacks, nightmares, self-destructive behavior, trouble sleeping or concentrating, and angry outbursts, to name a few.

The Dual Nature of Religious Beliefs

It is important to recognize that not all religious beliefs and practices are harmful or traumatic. Many people find solace, meaning, and community in their faith traditions. However, it is just as crucial to acknowledge the potential for harm and to provide support and resources for those who have experienced religious trauma. It can be difficult and overwhelming to accept that a faith community you are or were a part of, enjoyed fellowship in, and even loved, could cause harm to the point of having traumatic effects.

Healing from Religious Trauma

Natasha Helfer, a renowned therapist, emphasizes that individual therapy can be a helpful and healing resource for individuals who have experienced religious trauma. It is important to seek out a therapist who is knowledgeable about religious trauma, will not be biased by their own religious beliefs, and can help individuals process their experiences, explore their beliefs, and develop healthier coping strategies in a shame-free space. A huge part of successful treatment is seeing a therapist who will not only honor but encourage the development and practice of self-determination skills.

The Role of Supportive Communities

Additionally, Natasha Helfer advocates for individuals to find supportive communities and resources that validate their experiences and provide a safe space for healing. This may include group therapy, family therapy, support groups, online forums, or organizations that specialize in religious trauma recovery.

Taking the First Step

If you are struggling with the impact of religious trauma, Natasha Helfer advises becoming educated and seeking appropriate help through effective resources. Just recognizing that harm has happened can be an amazing first step towards healing, wellness, and reclaiming your sense of self.